加拿大作业代写:精神分析

Keywords:加拿大作业代写:精神分析

年轻的波普尔被弗洛伊德的精神分析和阿德勒的“个体心理学”等理论的明显优势所吸引。这些理论被认为能够解释几乎所有与人类行为有关的事情，因为证明每一个进步都是合理的。然而，波普尔很快就发现了他们的一个主要缺陷:他们无法反驳。因此，弗洛伊德受到了波普尔的严厉批评，因为他提出了针对证伪的免疫理论。在波普尔看来，一个无法被证伪的理论属于非科学。他对伪科学的极端态度也延伸到马克思主义，特别是纽赖特把马克思主义带到维也纳圈子里。纽赖特将马克思的“唯物主义”解读为相当于他自己的“物理主义”[16]，并称赞恩格斯和马克思为真正科学研究社会奠定了基础。在波普尔看来，这完全不是事实。马克思的问题不仅在于他被认为是一个历史决定论，而且在于他也是一个乌托邦主义者。
加拿大作业代写:精神分析
The young Popper had been attracted to the apparent strength of theories such as Freud’s psychoanalysis and Adler’s ‘individual psychology’. These theories were regarded as capable of explaining virtually everything related to human behaviour as verifications were found to justify every advancement. Popper, however, was soon to discover a major flaw in them: they could not be refuted. Freud was therefore severely criticised by Popper for producing immunised theories against falsification. A theory unable to be falsified belongs, in Popper’s view, to a non-science. His drastic approach towards pseudo-science was also extended to Marxism, especially the Marxism that Neurath had brought to the Vienna Circle.Neurath interpreted Marxian ‘materialism’ as epsitemically equivalent to his own ‘physicalism’ [16] and hailed Engels and Marx as having produced the foundations of a truly scientific study of society. In Popper’s opinion, this could not have been further from the truth. The problem with Marx was not only that he was considered a historicist, but that he was a utopian too.