美国加州洛杉矶essay代写:医疗结果

Keywords:美国加州洛杉矶essay代写

虽然医疗结果是重要的癌症患者，仍然有许多领域，心理社会干预可以帮助。正如已经讨论过的，有一系列的因素，影响医疗依从性，但也有其他常见的副作用的癌症治疗，表明自己适合心理干预。例如化疗经常呕吐，止吐药相关往往无效改善这种副作用。康帕斯等人。（1998）回顾这些发现。他们报告说，例如，行为疗法已被证明是有效的减少呕吐。康帕斯等人报道的其他研究。（1998）研究针对心理压力和生活质量的干预措施。CBT相比已在一些研究中治疗组和发现是有效的。第二组干预通常被称为“支持性表达”，通常包括鼓励一组患有相同疾病的成员在自己之间建立支持网络。明镜，开花和亚隆（1981）发现的证据表明，这种干预是在转移性乳腺癌患者有效。康帕斯等人。（1998）指出没有证据显示这种干预对不太严重的乳腺癌患者的疗效。Helgeson，科恩，亚斯科和舒尔茨（2001）报告其三年随访的结果与对照组相比，一个教育集团，一个同伴讨论组和最后一个同伴讨论和教育集团。教育干预被证明是最有效的妇女分配给教育组只有较低水平的身体疼痛和更高水平的身体功能。在这里同行讨论被认为是无效的超过三年的时间段。许多其他不同的干预措施已被用于研究人员热衷，任何研究都可以，这样的研究并没有提供一个明确的解释的方法不能被认为是严格的科学。这方面的研究中有相当一部分属于这一类。

美国加州洛杉矶essay代写:医疗结果

While medical outcomes are important for cancer patients, there are still many areas in which psychosocial interventions can be helpful. As already discussed there are a range of factors that affect medical adherence, but there are other common side-effects of cancer treatment that have shown themselves amenable to psychological intervention. For example chemotherapy is often associated with vomiting and anti-emetic drugs are frequently ineffective in ameliorating this side-effect. Compas et al. (1998) reviews some of these findings. They report, for example that behaviour therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing vomiting. Other research reported by Compas et al. (1998) looked at interventions aimed at psychological stress and quality of life. CBT has been compared in a number of studies to group therapy and found to be effective. A second group of interventions is often called 'supportive-expressive' and normally involves encouraging the members of a group suffering from the same illness to build supportive networks between themselves. Spiegel, Bloom & Yalom (1981) found evidence that this kind of intervention was effective in women with metastatic breast cancer. Compas et al. (1998) point out that there is no evidence for the efficacy of this intervention in patients with less serious breast cancers.
Helgeson, Cohen, Yasko & Shulz (2001) report the results of their three year follow-ups comparing control groups, an education group, a peer discussion group and finally a peer discussion and education group. The education intervention was shown to be the most effective with women assigned to the education-only group showing lower levels of bodily pain and higher levels of physical functioning. Here peer discussion was found to be ineffective over the three year time-period. Many other different interventions have been used but researchers are keen that any research should be replicatable, so that research which does not provide a clear explanation of its methods cannot be considered strictly scientific. A fair proportion of the research in this area falls into this category.

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