美国密歇根州代写论文:水资源

Keywords:美国密歇根州代写论文

水资源是环境资产，因此有价格。以市场为基础的方法来估计成本和收益，这些使得使用成本效益分析作为评估减少富营养化或其他污染问题的经济效果的有用工具成为可能。好处包括高品质的饮用水和减少健康风险（照片29），以改善娱乐用途（照片30）。由于缺乏卫生设施和有毒藻类水华的慢性影响，对人类健康的影响是由富营养化造成的许多间接影响中的两个。许多减少污染的成本效益分析清楚地表明，“无污染减排”的社会总成本要远远高于“合理的减少污染”。因此，有必要从经济角度研究湖泊水库污染的防治和水质恢复。这些检查的结果应用于评估排污费和绿色税。国际经验表明，这些经济手段在改善水质和解决相关水污染问题方面是合理有效的。因此，湖泊和水库的有效规划和管理，不仅取决于正确理解这些水体生态系统也是他们价值的人作为休闲区和水资源。在过去，一些管理策略的开发和应用，解决问题，减少地表水和地下水的质量。这些往往是对严重危急情况的反应，导致水的成本增加。对优质淡水的需求只在局部和局部得到解决，这是因为分配的资源太少，解决问题的时间太晚。早期预防是迄今为止最便宜的避免以后污染的方法。
美国密歇根州代写论文:水资源
Water resources are environmental assets and therefore have a price. There are market-based methods to estimate costs and benefits, and these make it possible to use cost- benefit analysis as a useful tool to assess the economic effects of abatement of eutrophication or other pollution problems. Benefits range from higher quality drinking water and reduced health risks (Photo 29) to improved recreational uses (Photo 30). The effects on human health from the lack of sanitation and the chronic effects of toxic algal blooms are two of the many indirect effects resulting from eutrophication. Numerous cost-benefit analyses of pollution abatement have clearly demonstrated that the total costs to society of 'no pollution reduction' is much higher than at least a 'reasonable pollution reduction'. Consequently, it is necessary to examine the prevention of pollution and restoration of water quality in lakes and reservoirs from an economic standpoint. The result of such examinations should be applied to assess effluent charges and green taxes. International experience shows that these economic instruments are reasonably effective in improving water quality and solving related water pollution problems. Thus, effective planning and management of lakes and reservoirs depends not only on a sound understanding of these water-bodies as ecological systems but also of their value to people as recreational areas and water resources.In the past, several management strategies were developed and applied to solve problems of decreasing surface and groundwater quality. These were often a response to acute critical situations resulting in increased costs of water. The demand for good quality fresh water was only solved partially and locally; this was because too few resources were allocated too late to solve the problems. Early prevention is by far the cheapest method to avoid later pollution.