加拿大温哥华论文代写:实证主义地理学

Keywords:加拿大温哥华论文代写:实证主义地理学

沙克(1980)在继续批判实证主义地理学的空间恋物主义的同时，也认为这种对空间的关注实际上是为了将空间与时间隔离开来。这是另一种批判，认为实证主义是解构主义。活力是地理的核心，尤其是人文方面。可以进行定量研究，可以观察相关性和模式，但结果总是会发生内在的变化。事实上，实证主义的法理学方法旨在产生规律，但并没有考虑到所有的事物。哈维(Harvey, 1973)认为实证主义忽视了政治和社会变迁等因素，而这些因素只有通过定性研究才能得到，因此，这是哈维(Harvey, 1973)的论点不可或缺的一部分。然而，这并不意味着实证主义不属于地理学。即使我们假设实证主义只对空间科学感兴趣，它仍然是一种有用的哲学，定量主义也是一种有用的工具。在地理这样一个动态的学科中，仅靠定性方法还不能充分了解世界。实证主义是有缺陷的，过于一般化，甚至可以说是空间恋物主义的一种形式，定量研究可以产生快速的结果。在不断变化的形势下，这当然是至关重要的。为了回到引言中概述的批评的两个主要主题，实证主义研究在分析现象的内容和方法方面都是肤浅的，或者至少是肤浅的。如洪水泛滥(1960)所解释的，定量地理学是有必要的，但所获得的知识不能单纯以数字形式表达。
加拿大温哥华论文代写:实证主义地理学
Continuing along the critique of positivist geography’s spatial fetishism, Sack (1980) also claims that this focus on space actually serves to isolate space from time. This is yet another critique that suggests positivism to be deconstructive. Dynamism is at the heart of geography, particularly the human side. Quantitative studies can be taken, correlations and patterns can be observed, but the results are always going to be inherently subject to change. Indeed positivisms nomothetic approach aims to produce laws, but does not take all things into consideration. This is integral to Harvey’s (1973) argument as he claims that positivism ignores factors such as political and sociological shifts that can only be studied qualitively. However, that does not mean that positivism doesn’t belong in geography. Even if we were to assume that positivism were only interested in spatial sciences, it is still a useful philosophy, as is quantitativism a useful tool. In a subject as dynamic as geography qualitative methods alone could not sufficiently understand the world. Whilst positivism is flawed and overgeneralising, and could even be said to be a form of spatial fetishism, quantitative research can produce quick results. This of course is vital in what is an ever changing landscape. To revert to the two main themes of critique outlined in the introduction, positivist studies are, or at least were, shallow natured both in terms of what, and how they analysed phenomena. As Spate (1960) explained, there is a need for quantitative geography, but the knowledge that is gained cannot be expressed purely in number form.