加拿大多伦多论代写:严重的批评

Keywords:加拿大多伦多论代写

这些方法的差异在过去几年中引起了一些严重的批评。其中最突出的一点是经常批评霍夫斯泰德感知文化作为社会的代表人物及其静态特性。这种方法并没有考虑到随着时间的推移，很容易观察到的文化漂移。举个生动的例子，可以把维多利亚时代的英国和二战后的英国进行比较，试着评估权力距离指数。显然，在这段时间人们的行为改变了足以让很多低权力距离的社会，它的表达，发现他们的方式在时间的艺术和政治（在1945-1951年劳动党的崛起）——下层阶级的人已经意识到的需求前者无与伦比的高年级在这些方面的平等、财富与权力，尊重它的表达减少，以及PDI。类似的漂移模式现在可以观察到今天在一些不发达的国家，如墨西哥，曾强集体社区被溶解，作为他们的成员更加个人主义，他们渴望在新的高度商品化的社会成功推。政治对文化的影响也可以这么说（从共产主义到资本主义价值观的转变）。换言之，很容易观察到时间文化的演变。因此，对指数的估计正在慢慢过时。霍夫施泰德后来把这个证据要定期更新自己的索引数据库，还反驳，文化的演变是一个非常缓慢的过程。然而，可能难以识别的问题实际上并不是定量的，而是框架本身的质变过时，它迟早会出现。也就是说，在20世纪70年代，合理而精确的描述可以是2010的不完整、有缺陷和模糊的描述，将来更是如此。
加拿大多伦多论代写:严重的批评
These differences in the approach attracted some serious criticism over the years. One of the most prominent points often criticized is Hofstede perception of culture as a static characteristic of societies and their representatives. This approach does not take into the account the cultural drift that can easily be observed as the time passes by. As a vivid example, one can take the comparison between, say, the UK of the Victorian age and the Post Second World War UK and just try to assess the Power Distance Indices. Apparently, over this period of time people's behavior has altered enough to allow a society with a lot lower power distance, the expressions of which found their way in the art of the time as well as in the politics (Rise of the Labor Party in 1945-1951) - people of lower class were have become conscious to demand equality in these dimensions with the former unapproachable higher class, the expression of wealth and power and respect to it have decreased, as well as PDI. Similar drift patterns can now be observed today in some of the underdeveloped countries, like Mexico, where former strong collectivist communities are dissolving, as their member become more individualistic, pushed by their desire to be successful in the new highly commercialized society. The same can be said about political influence on the culture (transition from Communist to Capitalist values). In other words it is easily observable that through time cultures evolve. Therefore the estimations for indices are slowly becoming outdated. Hofstede was later pushed by this evidence to regularly update his Index database, still retorting that cultural evolution is a very slow process. However the problem that may be hard to identify is actually not the quantitative, but rather the qualitative obsolescence of the framework itself, that will sooner or later present itself. I.e. what was reasonable and precise description in the 1970s can be an incomplete, flawed and vague characterization for 2010, and even more so for future.