留学生assignment代写:文化构造
Keywords:留学生assignment代写
布迪厄探讨了习性的文化通过一系列的实例构造。在他著名的作品，区别，布迪厄对不同的habituses对应四类，并说明不同类形的人的品味和生活方式的文化。例如，在法国的统治阶级，显示两种类型的状态：一个紧缩和纯度配置教师，并与奢华和排场享乐主义的品味人士。法国的大学教师对登山等娱乐活动表现出极大的兴趣，因为这给了他们最大的区别，精神上的提升和对最低经济成本的满足。利益的专业人员，如医生和管理人员，通常是通过游艇，在大海游泳，滑雪或整个国家，这将是更昂贵的。这两个阶级之间的鲜明对比主要是由于他们所能获得的资本的差异，无论是文化的还是经济的。对于教师来说，他们通常有很好的品味却没有足够的钱来享受娱乐经济要求符合他们的口味，倾向于谴责一个苦行僧的唯美主义。
留学生assignment代写:文化构造
The term “habitus”, derived from Latin verb “habere”, is adopted by French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu in his attempt to address the questions related to human action [4]. Inspired by Marcel Mauss, Bourdieu defines habitus as a system of dispositions, which are internalized through informal experience of social interactions, by means of imitating, repeating, and role-playing, etc. Bourdieu’s concept of habitus resists three familiar schools of thought, namely the behaviorism, the rational choice, and conformity to cultural roles, norms, and rules. In Bourdieu’s point of view, behavior is culturally structured. Past knowledge from which people react is not only a production of adaptation to external structures, but also constitution of them. Bourdieu criticizes the Rational Choice Theory as he sees the conducts of people seldom follow the governess of consciousness, purpose, and rational calculation. He also sees the human action as not only adaptive to the cultural standards, but also as strategic and constitutive of them. Bourdieu explores how habitus is culturally constructed through a series of examples. In his well-known work, Distinction, Bourdieu scrutinizes the different habituses correspond to four classes, and shows how the culture of different classes shape people’s tastes and lifestyles. For example, the dominant class in France displays two types of habitus: the teachers with a disposition for austerity and purity, and the professionals with a hedonistic taste for luxuries and ostentation. University teachers in France show great interest in entertainment like mountaineering, as it give them maximum distinction, spiritual elevation and satisfaction with minimum economic costs. Interests of professionals, like the doctors and executives, are usually expressed through yachting, swimming in the open sea, or skiing across the country, which would be more costly. The sharp contrast of tastes between these two classes is mostly due to discrepancies of the capitals they can acquire, both cultural and economical. For teachers, who usually have good tastes yet not enough money to enjoy economically demanding entertainment that matches their tastes, are prone to condemn to an ascetic aestheticism.
